Radio World

Edison Research’s second look at South Africa through its Infinite Dial methodology finds online audio use has exploded over the past four years.

In the 2019 Infinite Dial South Africa report, 39% of respondents 15+ in major metro areas reported using online audio. In the 2022 report, that number increased to 61% of respondents.

Weekly radio listening held steady from 2019 to 2022 with 69% of respondents reporting having listened to the radio in the past week, up one percentage point from 68% in 2019. Ninety-four percent of respondents reported having at least one radio in their home, although 64% of respondents said they used a mobile phone, computer or television for in-home radio listening too, which was a significant (44%) increase from 2019.

Comparison of 2019 to 2022 reported radio listening in the past week among those 15+ (Edison Research)

In terms of in-car listening, 80% of respondents 18+ reported having tuned to AM/FM radio while driving or as a passenger within the past month.

Ninety percent of respondents 15+ reported owning a smartphone in 2022, and 32% said they owned a smart speaker. More than a third (36%) of people in 2022 reported having ever downloaded an AM/FM radio station’s smartphone app.

Podcasting also saw substantial gains with 26% of respondents 15+ listening to podcasts at least monthly in 2022 compared to 10% in 2019. Fourth-eight percent of respondents said they were aware of podcasts even if they didn’t listen to them.

Podcast listeners were slightly more likely to be male than female (53% to 47%) and aged 15–34 (51%), compared to 35–54 (38%) or 55+ (11%). Of the 20% of people who reported listening to podcasts weekly, they listened to four episodes on average each week.

Comparison of radio ownership in South Africa and the U.S. (Edison Research)

When it comes to streaming audio services, YouTube Music had the greatest brand awareness with 69% of those 15+ being aware of the service. Spotify followed at 36% and Joox, an Asia-based streamer that launched in South Africa in 2017, at 27%.

The Infinite Dial 2022 South Africa survey was conducted by Edison Research in November/December 2021 with in-person interviews of 1,500 people living in eight major metropolitan municipalities in South Africa: Nelson Mandela Bay, Mangaung, Johannesburg, eThekwini, Cape Town, Buffalo City, Tshwane, and Ekurhuleni. The data was weighted to reflect the gender, age, and race of the population. No margin of error was reported.

The National Association of Broadcasters South Africa commissioned the survey, which was sponsored by Triton Digital, and produced in association with The Broadcast Research Council of South Africa.

Larry Rosin, President of Edison Research, shared findings from the study in an online presentation today. Rosin added, “The increase in online audio consumption and podcast listening among those we surveyed in South Africa points to a space that can accommodate many audio platforms while radio stays strong. We hope this data that shows robust growth in audio consumption motivates advertisers to consider all of these various audiences.”

The post Radio Holds Steady in Infinite Dial 2022 South Africa appeared first on Radio World.

In light of Russia’s attack on the Ukraine, FCC Chair Jessica Rosenworcel has proposed action to help protect America’s communications networks guard against cyberattacks. Earlier in the week, the Department of Homeland Security warned U.S. organizations at all levels that they could face cyber threats stemming from the Russia–Ukraine conflict; the FCC said Rosenworcel’s proposal would begin an inquiry into the vulnerabilities of the internet’s global routing system.

If adopted by a vote of the full commission, the Notice of Inquiry would seek public comment on vulnerabilities threatening the security and integrity of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which the FCC says is central to the internet’s global routing system. The inquiry would also examine the impact these vulnerabilities would have on the transmission of data through email, e-commerce, bank transactions, interconnected voice-over-internet protocol (VoIP), and 911 calls — and how best to address these challenges.

BGP is the routing protocol used to exchange reachability information among independently managed networks on the Internet. BGP’s initial design, which remains widely deployed today, does not include explicit security features to ensure trust in this exchanged information.

As a result, the FCC said, a bad network actor may deliberately falsify BGP reachability information to redirect traffic. Russian network operators have been suspected of exploiting BGP’s vulnerability to hijacking in the past. “BGP hijacks” can expose Americans’ personal information, enable theft, extortion, and state-level espionage, and disrupt otherwise-secure transactions.

Working with its federal partners, the commission has urged the communications sector to defend against cyber threats, while also taking measures to reinforce the nation’s readiness and to strengthen the cybersecurity of vital communications services and infrastructure, especially in light of Russia’s actions inside of Ukraine.

Rosenworcel also recently shared with her colleagues a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would begin the process of strengthening the commission’s rules for notifying customers and federal law enforcement of breaches of customer proprietary network information (CPNI). The inquiry under consideration would build on those efforts, the FCC said.

The post FCC Takes Steps to Protect Against Cyberattacks From Russia and its Agents appeared first on Radio World.

Fig. 1: A simple fixture to lift grounds and swap conductors as you correct for Pin 1 problems.

San Francisco Projects Engineer Bill Ruck and I have been conversing via email about the Pin 1 grounding issue discussed in Workbench in December and January, especially the problem encountered when interfacing gear to an outside source, such as an event sound contractor.

Bill built up a variety of XLR adaptors that he keeps organized in one of those black cotton bags found at Harbor Freight. The first photo shows his male and female XLRs brought out to a barrier strip.

This adaptor makes lifting grounds or switching “HOT” pins on the XLR easier than disassembling and resoldering connector pins. Now Bill can try different configurations with only a screwdriver and see what works best. He can also change from balanced to unbalanced by moving the lugs on the barrier strip.

Fig. 2: The same idea, but bringing the conductors out to alligator clips.

The rig in the second photo can be used in a similar fashion, as it brings the terminals out to alligator clips. Bill made up two other adaptors, seen in the third image. On the left, this jumper has Pins 2 and 3 reversed. The assembly on the right lifts the ground, Pin 1.

You’ll note that Bill took advantage of his labeling machine to identify all the adaptors and to include his name — less of a chance of something “walking off.”

Bill also provided a link to an interesting series of papers about the “Pin 1 problem” should you want further information. The URL, appropriately enough, is www.pin1problem.com.

Gotta run for shade
Alan Peterson, national production director and weekend program coordinator for the Radio America Network in Arlington, Va., and former Radio World columnist, has been following our Pin 1 discussion too. He offered a simple mnemonic to remember the order of XLR connections: “2 is Hot, 3 is Not.”

Fig. 3: Additional adaptors that reverse Pins 2 and 3, and lift the Pin 1 ground.

Likewise, Alan reminded me that Kool & The Gang permanently cemented the standard in 1979 when they rolled out the song, “Too (2) Hot.” Hum that to yourself and you will never forget!

He adds that he wished XLR plug manufacturers would emboss larger numbers on those connectors. Yes, Alan, my eyesight is failing, too.

Alan then surprised me with news that he’ll be retiring in March from Radio America. Congratulations!

Man Cave
I’ve gotten a number of great comments about our description of Harry Simons’ living room studio, which he built in retirement. More than one engineer wanted to know what Harry’s wife had to say about turning the living room into a studio. No problem there, Harry’s single!

Slippery when cold
When it snows and sleets down in the Carolinas and Georgia like it did recently, you know it’s winter. And that means keeping something handy to keep your locks working.

We’ve written about the many great applications of WD-40 Multi-Use Product. Educational Media Foundation Field Tech Scott Todd writes that when it comes to spray lubricants, especially for locks, you may also want to try a couple of other options, both available from Amazon.

The reviews for PB B’laster Penetrant note that it stinks. Also, that it’s a great penetrating oil but not a silicon lubricant. PB B’laster Silicon Lubricant, on the other hand, contains a higher concentration of silicone than other brands, which means longer-lasting lubrication. It’s formulated with a Teflon polymer. This compound is a clear, non-evaporating formula that can lubricate and protect not only metal, but also plastic, wood, rubber, vinyl and leather products.

[Check Out More of Workbench Here]

Scott says that in his opinion, the gold standard in lock lubricants, bar none, is Kano Laboratories’ Penephite Graphited Penetrating Oil. On Amazon, this spray has a 78% five-star review. It consists of a combination of oils, solvents and micron-sized graphite in a suspension. The oils and solvents carry the graphite into infinitely small spaces to loosen frozen parts. Once deposited, the graphite provides long-lasting lubrication.

Strong not silent
Back in September 2019, we published a Workbench tip from EMF’s Ken Beckwith about constructing an EAS Loop antenna out of PVC. Carroll Broadcasting’s Lance Coon wrote in recently to say he was looking to build this antenna for his stations but needed clarification on one point.

In the article, we mentioned improving the “strength” of the loop by adding a piece of conduit down its middle.

Lance wanted to confirm that be “strength,” we meant the rigidity of the loop, not the strength of the signal.

Lance, you are right. To increase the signal strength or sensitivity, you’d add more turns of wire to the loop. Mounting shouldn’t be critical; just be sure the edge of the loop is pointing toward the EAS signal you want to receive. Be sure to send us a picture of your completed project, Lance!

John Bisset, CPBE, has 50 years in broadcasting and is in his 32nd year writing Workbench. He handles western U.S. radio sales for the Telos Alliance and is a past recipient of the SBE’s Educator of the Year Award.

Workbench submissions are encouraged and qualify for SBE recertification credit. Email johnpbisset@gmail.com.

The post Workbench: Adaptors Help Solve Pin 1 Problems appeared first on Radio World.

Retired broadcast engineer John Warner died Friday at age 73.

The cause of death was not announced. His daughter told Radio World that it was not related to COVID.

Warner was known widely as an expert in AM radio engineering. In 2010, when he was vice president of engineering for Clear Channel Communications, Radio World wrote: “When it comes to AM radio stations in the United States, perhaps no engineer has quite the number of sites to worry about as does John Warner.” Clear Channel’s AM properties typically numbered 250 to 300 at that time.

He later held the title of vice president of AM transmission for the company, which had been renamed iHeartMedia.

Jeff Littlejohn, executive vice president, engineering and systems for iHeartMedia Technology Operations, said this weekend, “He was truly respected for his knowledge of AM, not only from the iHeart engineering staff, but also from the consulting engineering community at large. I never saw a problem that John could not beat. John loved to teach others about his craft, so any engineer that was eager to learn would have John as a willing teacher.”

Early start

Warner became interested in radio as early as age 8 or 9, he told Radio World’s Michael LeClair in 2010.

“I owned a crystal set when I was young. My father was interested in radios, and I built a small radio as a scouting project. My mother actually taught me to solder. During World War II, she worked at Bendix Radio in Baltimore, which manufactured aircraft and tank radios for the war.”

Warner lived on a farm as a child and became interested in antennas so that he could pick up different kinds of radio signals.

“I used to listen to all the European broadcasters via shortwave, and I experimented with long-wire and curtain array antennas. My father encouraged my interest in radio, and for one of my birthdays he gave me a telephone pole, which he then helped me to put in the ground to use as a tower that I could use to make experiments.”

He attended the University of Maryland for two years in 1966 and 1967 and studied defense electronics and electrical engineering. He did not obtain a formal degree because his family did not have enough money to let him complete college, but he later went back to school and took further engineering courses at Johns Hopkins.

His first job in radio was at station WBAL in Baltimore in 1979, a a 50 kW clear-channel AM station on 1090 kHz with a high-power directional array.
Warner credited veteran engineer Harrison Brooks, who had just retired at that time, with teaching him a lot of the history of WBAL and about broadcasting in the Baltimore area.

He also credited Ron Rackley, whom he met in 1986, with influencing his career. “We were installing a new Continental 317C at WBAL, and to improve the stability of the array, we also replaced the sample system at the same time and did a full proof. Ron and I struck up an immediate friendship while working on that project and we’ve stayed in touch ever since.”

John Warner with tower-based matching and filtering equipment for a five-tower triplexed DA in Boston designed by Ron Rackley. Courtesy Tom King

Rackley gave Warner his first copy of the MiniNEC code, used to model the behavior of antennas. “In those days it ran on an 8086 class computer, and it would take hours to do a tower model. I remember that you could start a model in the morning and let the computer run all day while working, and come back to find that it had just finished around 5 p.m.,” he told Radio World in that 2020 article.

Warner came to Clear Channel when Jacor was acquired in 1999. Among his duties, he was responsible for overseeing the design and construction of new AM facilities and the maintenance and refurbishing of existing AM stations.

During his career, among other activities, Warner spoke at the NAB Show’s AM Boot Camp and was a member of the Association of Federal Communications Consulting Engineers.

“He thoroughly enjoyed his work and it gave him great purpose in life,” daughter Jenn told RW Sunday. “He loved imparting his wisdom and experience with others and formed friendships with others in the business through collaboration.”

He also enjoyed traveling, photography, gardening, amateur radio and spending time with his grandchildren.

According to his obituary, his wife Lynne Hartwell Warner passed away in 2013.

Funeral services and interment are private.

[Read Radio World’s 2010 profile of John Warner.]

The post John Warner Dies, Was Respected AM Engineer appeared first on Radio World.

GeoBroadcast Solutions is again firing back at iHeartMedia for opposing its request that FM broadcasters be allowed to geo-target content.

The FCC has a rulemaking proceeding on the idea, as we’ve reported; iHeartMedia in a series of filings has voiced concern based on what it calls unresolved technical questions and the risk of splintering the local advertising market.

GBS says its technology, which it brands as ZoneCasting, gives FM broadcasters an advantage by allowing them to air content intended for specific coverage areas for limited periods of time. It uses FM boosters to allow for hyperlocal advertising and content independent of the signals of its primary station within different portions of the primary’s protected service contour.

GBS has compared its technology to iHeartMedia’s AdBuilder website feature, saying that the latter essentially mirrors ZoneCasting in that it allows advertisers to select communities on a map to target their ads.

iHeartMedia argued back that the comparison is inapt.

“In fact, the AdBuilder interface simply allows potential advertisers, including small and medium businesses, to produce and purchase spots to air strategically over iHeartMedia radio stations’ full broadcast service areas and is nothing like FM booster ZoneCasting,” iHeart said in its February 2022 filing.

iHeart continued: “Nevertheless, to support its strawman contention that iHeartMedia is seeking to reinforce and protect its AdBuilder offering, GBS fundamentally mischaracterizes AdBuilder as being essentially equivalent to ZoneCasting.”

The company noted that the NAB has expressed concern about possible undermining of the broadcast industry’s business model if advertisers could select desired target areas of a station’s broadcast signal, thus creating the ability to geo-target affluent “Gold Coast” areas of a station’s service area.

“The lack of comprehensive testing by GBS in a multitude of settings, endorsement by a government agency of a single vendor’s exclusive and proprietary technology, potential for redlining by advertisers, costs to implement and the disruption to net advertising revenues necessary for broadcasters to serve the listening public,” the media company argues.

[Related: “Large Groups Raise a Caution Flag on Geo-Targeting”]

GBS, in a letter last week to the FCC, replies that its fundamental point when comparing ZoneCasting to AdBuilder is that a prominent feature of the technologies is the same: “to enable advertisers to reach intended audience both contextually and geographically.”

The technology company disputes iHeart’s claim that ZoneCasting could burden broadcasters economically.

“That is baseless. The proposed rule would permit the use of geo-targeting technology on a voluntary basis, so it imposes costs on no one,” GBS told the FCC. “If iHeart or any other broadcaster does not want to invest in the future, then they need not. For those broadcasters who choose to adopt this technology, there are options to finance any costs.”

[GBS commentary: “ZoneCasting Will Level the Playing Field for Radio”]

GBS says iHeart’s argument that ZoneCasting could cause harmful interference is based on year-old NAB comments that did not include a technical investigation. “More problematically, iHeart’s Feb. 8, 2022, filing ignores technical demonstrations and analysis of geo-targeting submitted to the commission five months ago that provided robust evidence that geo-targeting using boosters enhances the listener experience, works well with the existing emergency alert system, and causes no interference to any other broadcaster,” GBS wrote.

GBS has said that any resulting co-channel interference or self-interference would be manageable and not detrimental to listeners.

The company goes on to say numerous supporters including stakeholders representing minority-owned broadcasters and civil rights advocates have praised the opportunity to lower the barrier to entry for small businesses seeking to advertise on radio and promote the growth of stations that benefit.

“The proposed rule change advances the public interest by also enabling broadcasters to deliver geo-targeted news, traffic, weather and other vital content to their community. That is the epitome of localism, and the commission should embrace that goal to put radio on par with all other media,” GBS concludes.

The GBS letter, prepared by Covington & Burling LLP, included the graphic below indicating terrestrial radio is the only major broadcast platform lacking the ability to geo-target content.

The post iHeartMedia, GBS Spar Again Over Geo-Targeting appeared first on Radio World.

Radio World Buyer’s Guide articles are intended to help readers understand why their colleagues chose particular products to solve various technical situations. This month’s articles focus on products for radio remotes and sports.

Kevin Leach is on location in the Yorkshire Pennines in Northern England, using a USB SIP Codec and Mediaport Sonja router.

In:Quality, a U.K.-based company that specializes in remote broadcast products and services, recently introduced the USB SIP Codec. Kevin Leach is founding director.

Radio World: What are the advantages of a SIP codec over other platforms?

Kevin Leach: The beauty of SIP is compatibility, now that so many devices support both SIP and the Opus audio format.

The person making a call from one compatible device doesn’t need to know anything about the equipment at the other end. They just dial its SIP address, and the call parameters are negotiated automatically.

RW: Can you give examples how your clients are using it creatively?

Leach: Sure. The touchscreen version of our USB SIP Codec has been extremely popular in parts of the BBC, and for Radio France. Both had to respond quickly to the first COVID lockdowns and were able to deploy our devices to their hosts and pundits, to allow them to connect to the studios from home.

The low cost and immediate availability of our devices allowed both broadcasters to purchase in bulk and at short notice. Meanwhile, the simplicity of the setup and on-screen controls allowed the hosts to install the codecs, without the help of an engineer.

RW: Are there misconceptions you’d like to dispel about the product or SIP in general?

Leach: I think some radio producers are still skeptical about SIP, and IP in general, because they have had bad experiences in the early days, especially when using bad WiFi or 3G connections.

Consumer broadband has become much more robust in recent years, especially when WiFi is eliminated. For that reason, our devices do not support WiFi, and instead are hard-wired to the router using Ethernet.

Because SIP is a telephony standard, many users are also surprised at just how clean the audio sounds with Opus, and how stable the calls are with our codecs, despite the lack of a delay.

RW: What else should we know?

Leach: Since the success of the USB SIP Codec, we’ve released a version that has built-in analog XLR connectors. These units are really versatile when hooked up to an analog board in a studio. You can send a link to guests who can connect in from a web browser, and you can even make and receive phone calls, if you subscribe to the extra functionality.

So in total our SIP codecs come in four flavors: USB SIP Codec Zero, a small device with no screen; USB SIP Codec Touch, with a 7-inch screen for use with USB mics; and the XLR versions of Zero and Touch. Separately, our ipDTL works similarly but runs in a web browser on a computer, while hybrIP is a version of ipDTL designed for talk show calls.

Info: https://inquality.com/contact-us/

The post SIP codecs exploit compatibility appeared first on Radio World.

PreSonus has introduced its new Revelator Dynamic USB vocal microphone and Revelator io44 audio interface.

The Revelator Dynamic uses the same custom-built, dynamic microphone capsule as the PD-70 broadcast microphone, and also offers presets intended to aid recording, live streaming, and podcasting.

Meanwhile, the Revelator io44 is a compact, four-in/two-out audio  interface that is bus-powered via aUSB-C compatible jack. The unit is intended for mobile recording as well streaming, and features a combo mic/instrument input with a XMAX-L mic preamp, as well as a ⅛-inch line-level stereo input for DJ mixers and mobile devices. A ⅛-inch stereo headphone output works with regular headphones and TRRS gaming headsets (mic in, stereo out). Balanced ¼-inch stereo main outputs are provided to connect to professional studio monitors.

[Check Out More Products at Radio World’s Products Section]

Revelator-series USB microphones and audio interfaces provide onboard signal processing, with the same Fat Channel EQ, compressor, gate, and limiter algorithms found in PreSonus’ StudioLive Series III mixers, plus reverb and voice effects like delay, vocoder, and more. Additional presets emulate concert halls, AM radio, robotic voices, and more. PreSonus’ UC Surface software for macOS and Windows provides access to the processor settings, allowing users to create their own unique sound and save them as presets for instant access.

Each Revelator comes with PreSonus’ Studio One Artist production and recording software for macOS and Windows. The Studio Magic software suite is also included with various effects, instruments, sounds and more. The Revelator Dynamic USB microphone also includes an extendable desktop mic stand.

The Dynamic USB microphone and io44 USB audio interface are available immediately at street prices of $199.95 and $179.95, respectively.

Send your new equipment news to radioworld@futurenet.com.

The post PreSonus Introduces New USB Mic, Audio Interface appeared first on Radio World.

International Datacasting Corp. said it was picked by LinkUp Communications Corp. to provide a migration path for radio networks that use legacy ABR satellite receivers originally made by ComStream, Radyne, Comtech and IDC.

“While these units enjoyed widespread industry acceptance and ran reliably for over 30 years, they reached end-of-support several years ago,” IDC said in an announcement.

It said LinkUp is providing a replacement technology package based on the IDC MAP system, as well as installation and configuration services.

MAP Pro Audio Receiver Front and Rear Panels

The distribution package features the MAP line of audio products made by IDC. It said its systems offer “a simple, flexible and cost-effective upgrade path.”

IDC is owned by Novra Technologies Inc. The announcement was made by Gary Carter, VP business development and products for Novra Group/IDC, and Mark Johnson, president of LinkUp Communications.

“For networks looking for a turnkey service to streamline and outsource their uplink operations, LinkUp offers a hosted service based on the IDC MAP system from their newly acquired teleport in Denver,” IDC noted.

Submit business announcements to radioworld@futurenet.com.

The post LinkUp Chooses IDC MAP System appeared first on Radio World.

Russia’s State Television and Radio Broadcasting Co. (VGTRK), Channel One and the Ostankino radio house have pulled out of the European Broadcasting Union effective today, Feb. 26.

The move comes after the EBU Executive Board’s decision on Feb. 25 to bar Russian acts from participating in the 2022 Eurovision Song Contest. That decision was in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24.

According to the EBU’s statement, “The decision reflects concern that, in light of the unprecedented crisis in Ukraine, the inclusion of a Russian entry in this year’s Contest would bring the competition into disrepute.”

The recommendation to bar Russia from Eurovision came from the EBU’s Reference Group and was supported by its Television Committee.

[See Our Global News Page]

According to a report from the Russian news service TASS, the broadcasters said their exit from the EBU was “a response measure” to what “we view as an improper political sacrifice at the music forum which has always emphasized its non-political status.”

The EBU emphasized that it “consulted widely” among its membership before making the decision, and reaffirmed its apolitical goal of upholding the values of public-service broadcasting.

“We remain dedicated to protecting the values of a cultural competition which promotes international exchange and understanding, brings audiences together, celebrates diversity through music and unites Europe on one stage,” the EBU stated.

Eurovision 2022 is scheduled for May 10–14 in Turin, Italy.

VGTRK joined the EBU in 1993, followed by Channel One in 1995 and Ostankino in 1996. Russia first participated in Eurovision in 1994. In 2008, the Russian entry, “Believe” by Dima Bilan, won the contest.

The post Russian Broadcasters Leave EBU appeared first on Radio World.

Global named Ryan Ladisa as its VP of sales for Canada for its digital advertising platform DAX.

He comes over from Media.Monks, where he was SVP of growth for North America.

“A veteran in the Canadian advertising and technology business, Ladisa brings over 20 years of experience across outdoor, television, programmatic and technology,” Global wrote in the announcement.

[Visit Radio World’s People News Page]

DAX is a digital audio advertising exchange “connecting brands with audiences at scale across music, radio and podcasts.” Global launched it in the United States in 2018. Publisher brands on the platform include TuneIn, LiveXLive, AccuRadio and Beasley.

Global, headquartered in London, is a media and entertainment group and describes itself as Europe’s largest radio company; it also has a large outdoor advertising business in the U.K. and Europe.

Send your people news to radioworld@futurenet.com.

The post Global Names Ladisa to DAX Sales Post appeared first on Radio World.

A recent Radio World ebook explores the world of streaming for radio. In this excerpt David Bialik lays out some commonly heard terms.

The following may help you navigate the language around streaming. It is not intended to be comprehensive but to give you a head start in this growing medium with new technology emerging daily.

• AAC — Audio Coding, an audio coding format for lossy digital audio compression. Usually preferred Advanced over MP3, it promises comparable or better quality at lower bitrates. AAC has been standardized by ISO and IEC as part of the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 specifications.
• Ad Delivery Network — An on-demand file serving network that can deliver commercial content for the streamer.
• Ad Replacement — When ads broadcast over the air are replaced with different content on the stream.
• AES TD1004 — The Audio Engineering Society’s Recommendation for Loudness of Audio Streaming and Network File Playback. These recommendations primarily are intended for “radio-like” mono and stereo streams.
• Bitrate — Bitrate = Sample rate X bits per sample used to encode the music. The number of bits per sample also depends on the number of audio channels.
• CDN — Content Delivery Network, a scalable distributer of streams.
• Client-Side Ad Insertion (CSAI) — Advertising that only happens within the website or app streaming your content. Banners, video pre-rolls, other items specific to a player or page.
• CMAF — A container format (see below).
• Codec — Digital audio compression algorithm used.
• Container Format — Otherwise known as a wrapper, this may contain the audio and video plus all the associated metadata (i,e. MP4, CMAF). The container carries the payload (audio, video, or data files).
• Cuepoint — A marker residing in the metadata, triggering a new action.
• Decoder — A component that is part of the player, used to reassemble the content.
• Direct Ad Insertion (DAI) — Personalized ad replacement that is unique to the listener. This can be based on listener location, browsing preferences, etc.
• Encoder — The system used to take the content and send it to the stream, usually by compressing your linear audio into an MP3 or AAC stream.

[Check Out More of Radio World’s Ebooks Here]

• Encoding Format — The method of converting to a digital format (i.e., AAC, MP3)
• FLAC — Free Lossless Audio Codec, a compressed audio format with no loss of quality.
• FLV — Flash Video Format, a container file format used to deliver digital video content over the internet via Adobe Flash Player.
• HE-AAC / HE-AAC v2 / AAC+ — “High-Efficiency AAC,” a lossy audio codec for low bit rate streaming, expanding on the quality vs. size gains made by standard AAC.
• HLS — HTML Live Streaming, a high-quality transport format used by Apple.
• Icecast — A streaming media project released as free software, maintained by the Xiph.org Foundation.
• ID3 or ID3 tag — A metadata format that stores information (Title, Artist, etc.). This may be called the data container.
• Injected content — Content from another source, usually replacing other content.
• Interstitial — One or more recorded elements used in stream production (i.e., bumpers, jingles, promos, etc.)
• LKFS — “Loudness, K-weighted, relative to full scale.” A standard loudness measurement. Sometimes referred as LUFS.
• Lossless Streams — A high-bitrate non-compressed stream.
• Lossy Streams — Digitally compressed sampled streams (i.e., MP3/AAC).
• LUFS — “Loudness units relative to full scale,” synonymous with LKFS.
• Metadata — The data stream that accompanies the media content. This can hold the “Now Playing” information, commercial cues, time code or any other information needed to play the stream.
• MP3 — An audio coding format for lossy digital audio compression developed by Fraunhofer and Bell Labs. This supports very low bit rates.
• MP4 — One of the earliest digital video file formats. Can be used for high-quality video or audio while maintaining relatively small file sizes.
• MPEG-DASH — Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, an adaptive bitrate streaming technique that allows for high quality of content. This is comparable to HLS.
• Now Playing Information — “What the stream is playing” can be displayed, usually sent by metadata.
• Ogg — A container format.
• Ogg Vorbis — An audio coding format with lossy audio compression.
• Player — The program used on the audience side to play the content; it could be an app.
• Podcast — A digital audio file that can be downloaded to a personal device and/or player.
• RTMP — Real Time Messaging Protocol, a TCP-based protocol that maintains persistent connections and also allows communication with low latency. This allows for a stream to be delivered correctly.
• Server-Side Ad Insertion (SSAI) — Advertising added to audio as it is streamed or delivered, rather than from the studio playout. Ads become part of the audio itself.
• Shoutcast — A software application that allows anyone to stream audio over the internet.
• Total Line Reporting — When the stream and over-the-air product are the same and no segments are substituted.
• Transport Format — How the stream is delivered (e.g. HLS, Icecast, rtmp)
• xHE-AAC — A lossy audio codec for low bit rate streaming. It also is used by Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM).

David Bialik is a consultant; co-chair of the AES Technical Committee for Broadcast and Online Delivery; and chair of the Metadata Usage Working Group at the NRSC. He is former director of stream operations for CBS Radio and Entercom.

The post A Simple Streaming Glossary appeared first on Radio World.

The 2022 Toyota Corolla

Toyota will include HD Radio as a standard feature in its next-generation infotainment system in the U.S., which means nearly all new Toyota cars in the country will have an HD Radio in future.

Xperi announced the development this past week while releasing its financial results for the fourth quarter and past year.

“Toyota has been a valued customer for some time, although the extent of their prior implementation was in mid-line and upper-end vehicles,” said CEO Jon Kirchner during an investor call.

[See Our Business and Law Page]

“I think this represents a decision recognizing the importance of HD Radio in the broader infotainment suite. It’s representative of the continued progress we make with the HD Radio ecosystem in North America, and it lays a foundation as well for follow-on next-generation entertainment features, which ties in with what we’re doing with DTS AutoStage.”

On that front, Xperi said 16 car companies are testing its DTS AutoStage technology in Europe, North America and Asia. “Multiple partners, including two major OEMs, are in advanced stages of testing.”

Radio people know Xperi largely as the parent of HD Radio and DTS AutoStage, but it has numerous other businesses including IP licensing, pay TV, consumer electronics, driver monitoring and TiVo.

Overall, Kirchner said the recent quarter was “solid” and that the company “continued to successfully deliver against the key strategic objectives we set following our merger with TiVo nearly two years ago.”

Revenue in the quarter was $214.4 million, compared to $433.9 million for the period in 2020, which included prior revenue from Xperi’s Comcast agreement. Xperi said quarterly revenue without that earlier adjustment was up 2% in Q4. The company posted a loss per share of 14 cents using GAAP calculations and earnings per share of 30 cents using non-GAAP.

For the year 2021 Xperi reported revenue of $877.7 million, down from $892 million the year before. It reported a GAAP loss per share of 53 cents and a non-GAAP earnings per share of $2.03. It said it had “returned over $100 million to stockholders through dividends and share repurchases” in 2021.

The post Toyota to Make HD Radio Standard in U.S. appeared first on Radio World.

A new Radio World webcast series, beginning in March, will help managers and engineers get a better grasp on technologies that can advance their organization’s goals.

The series “Running Radio Today: Produce, Deliver, Profit” is free. Produced by Radio World and hosted by Editor in Chief Paul McLane, it will have three parts, one per month focused on a different part of the radio broadcast business mission and workflow.

Each part features presentations from leading technology vendors, plus a roundtable discussion with Paul and a co-host from the broadcast engineering community.

The first of the series on March 17, “Produce,” will focus on trends and tools for how radio content is created. The 2020s have brought streamlined studio workflows, centralized network designs and expanded remote capabilities. What are the implications for content creation, from the microphone and automation system to the control surface and AoIP network? Discussing those questions with Paul will be technology experts from sponsors Telos Alliance, RCS and Comrex. Co-hosting will be Jason Ornellas, regional director of engineering for Bonneville International and past recipient of the Radio World Excellence in Engineering Award.

The second webcast on April 14, “Deliver,” is about how distribution of content is changing. What should radio managers know about advances in transmission, codecs, streaming and other technologies that deliver your content to the listener? Is your station up to date? Joining us for this will be experts from sponsors Synthax/Digigram, Xperi, Wheatstone and Comrex. Paul’s co-host will be Rob Bertrand, chief technology officer of WAMU in Washington.

And the third webcast on May 18, “Profit,” will focus on monetization and the use of technology that helps generate revenue for radio. Several new tools are available today to maximize all business operations of radio. We’ll find out how modern tech has infiltrated the ledgers and is improving the bottom line from companies including Marketron. Other participants will be announced soon.

Registration for Part 1 is now open.

The post Webcast Series Explores “Running Radio Today” appeared first on Radio World.

The Calrec Type R Console at Eldos FM

From the Radio World Who’s Buying What page: Calrec said South African community radio stations are using its Type R for Radio consoles with the help of funding from the South African Media Development and Diversity Agency and systems integrator Experience Audio Solutions.

“The MDDA works with the South African government to assist in developing community and small commercial media across the country and provides funding and media education for local community operators,” Calrec wrote.

“More than 20 community radio stations have put in requests for quotes to upgrade their technology,” it stated. Eldos FM in Johannesburg is among those taking delivery of a Type R through MDDA funding. Southside FM in Durban is being outfitted with a Type R, and Giyani FM is planned.

Experience Audio Solutions works with Calrec’s South African distributor Wild & Marr on these projects.

“There are 285 licensed community radio stations in South Africa, 212 on air, and 156 funded by the MDAA. Community radio listenership in South Africa garners roughly 8 million people,” Calrec wrote.

Send news for Who’s Buying What to radioworld@futurenet.com.

The post Calrec Type R Serves Community Stations appeared first on Radio World.

Senate Commerce Committee Chair Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.) has set March 3 for a vote in her committee on the nomination of Gigi Sohn for the open Democratic seat on the FCC.

Commerce has chief oversight of communications issues.

Sohn has had two nomination hearings but as yet no vote in the committee on whether to favorably report her to the full Senate for a confirmation vote.

Signaling that there would not be enough Democratic votes to secure a favorable report of her nomination to the full Senate, the scheduled February 2 vote on her nomination was pulled from that executive session.

The post Gigi Sohn FCC Nomination Vote Scheduled appeared first on Radio World.

CARIAD, the software arm of the Volkswagen Group, has joined RadioDNS.

“Audi were innovators in the automotive sector for hybrid radio, using the RadioDNS standards to enable new experiences of radio for drivers in connected vehicles,” RadioDNS wrote in its announcement. Audi is a member of the Volkswagen Group.

“Functionality like the unique ‘range extender,’ which switches seamlessly between broadcast radio and IP streaming, uses our standards to get the required stream information directly from radio stations. CARIAD will now continue to work with RadioDNS to implement and develop standards for their hybrid radio offering, which will be available in Volkswagen Group’s connected vehicles.”

The announcement was made by RadioDNS Project Director Nick Piggott and CARIAD Development Engineer Christian Winter.

Winter said, “Many vehicles in the premium segment of the group are already using RadioDNS technology and we are looking forward to bringing hybrid radio solutions to the volume segment.”

Other organizations joining RadioDNS recently include Hubbard, Gracenote, G&L and NXP.

The post CARIAD Joins RadioDNS appeared first on Radio World.

Radio World Buyer’s Guide articles are intended to help readers understand why their colleagues chose particular products to solve various technical situations. This month’s articles focus on products for radio remotes and sports.

Radio Sintonía with its AEQ Talent audio codec readying for a broadcast from the village of Betancuria on Fuerteventura.

Radio Sintonía is the reference station on the FM band for the island of Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands, which recently was the subject of intensive news coverage due to a volcanic eruption on the neighboring island of La Palma.

“We transmit on six different frequencies to provide the best geographical coverage possible to reach our listeners,” said Technical Director Iván Travieso Gómez.

“Our budget is limited, but we are devoted to serve the community and we focus on making what we call ‘street radio,’ with coverage of local sports, events and tourism on the island.”

The station obtained the AEQ Talent audio codec in 2020, but unlike many stations, it wasn’t concerned primarily with “radio from home.”

“Even if we also have been producing programs from home during pandemic lockdowns, we focus on taking the radio out into the street to interact with our community. Also, out in the open, COVID is less contagious than indoors. Further, the fantastic climate of the Canary Islands allows both sports or other events to take place outdoors.”

While the codec is suitable for personal use, the station seldom uses it for a one-man show.

“Talent has an ancillary line and Bluetooth connections. Therefore, we can use it as an ‘OB unit.’ Sometimes we connect it to a 16-channel live sound console, a headphone amplifier, some wireless microphones and a 3G/4G router and we take the radio out to any plaza or town square.”

[Check Out More Products at Radio World’s Products Section]

Through the Bluetooth link to a smartphone, the team can receive calls and make them part of the program, usually using WhatsApp, which Travieso Gómez said provides very good sound quality.

He likes the simplicity of the Talent control surface and the fact that its Talent Pilot app allows them to manage the unit from a phone.

On the studio PC, the free ControlPhoenix application is installed, which allows him to manage the Talent codec in the field as well as the Phoenix rack-mounted codec at the studio. “We can monitor the status of both in real time and, if required, intervene to modify some configuration parameters or resolve other issues.”

The application shows the connection status and VU meters of both audio inputs and outputs. It also allows them to route signals to the headphones and control the gain.

Radio Sintonía uses the Opus algorithm included in AEQ’s codecs and the free registration on its SIP server. “It saves us from having to complicate our lives setting up one of our own, an effort and cost that is beyond our budget and capacity.”

Travieso Gómez said the Talent has helped the station stay close to its listeners and even improve its audience figures.

Info: www.aeq.es, email AEQ sales or call +34 91 686 1300

The post Radio Sintonía Connects With Talent appeared first on Radio World.

The balance of power between radio listenership and live and time-shifted television viewing continues to tip in radio’s advantage, with greater reach and average audience among persons 18–34 and trending in the same direction for 18–49s. That’s based on Nielsen Media findings.

Radio sales executives have long battled TV for advertising dollars and now the shift in audience size should help give radio more of an edge when it comes to head-to-head evaluations.

Nielsen’s Q2 2021 Total Audience Report shows AM/FM radio’s weekly reach among persons 18–34 is 12% greater than television in terms of average audience, according to the marketing team at Cumulus Media.

Pierre Bouvard, chief insights officer at Cumulus Media and Westwood One, highlights the Nielsen findings in an online video and blog post posted this week. In it he outlines the latest in TV and AM/FM radio audiences using data from Nielsen’s Total Audience Report, Edison Research’s “Share of Ear,” and examples from Nielsen Media Impact.

“The most surprising finding is that TV is being beaten by radio in ratings 18–34. In an average week 82% of 18–34 Americans are being reached by radio. Only 57% are reached by linear TV in a week. So that means that nearly half of 18–34 year old are not reached by linear television,” Bouvard said in the video.

Bouvard continues: “In the 18–49 data you can really see the full collapse of linear television. In 2018 when you look at reach 82% of 18–49 were watching at least some linear TV in a week. That has now shrunk down to 66%.”

TV’s continued viewing slide is evident, according to Nielsen’s report on Q2 2021. For instance, persons 18–49 TV audiences are down 38% since 2018. “Today, one of out of three American persons 18–49 never watch linear TV in a typical week, Bouvard said.”

When Bouvard compares radio and television, the numbers are even more striking when you consider radio’s gains in the 18–49 demographic. Weekly reach for AM/FM radio in the demo is 85% but only 66% for TV, according to the video presentation. Radio is also closing the gap in daily time spent with TV in Q2 2021 with only 30 minutes separating the two mediums.

Bouvard said AM/FM radio is poised to overtake live and time-shifted TV in average audience 18–49 by 2025; assuming current patterns projections hold true. And that changeover has already occurred when considering the 18–49 Hispanic population, Bouvard said.

“AM/FM radio beats TV among Hispanics 18–49. Radio has a massive reach advantage over linear TV. It’s 90% to 67%,” Bouvard said.

Bouvard goes on to explain the collapse of linear television, saying linear TV erosion is fueled by cord cutting and streaming. “For those who stream, half say it has replaced traditional TV,” he said. “There are three types of TV households: cordless, cord tepid and cord content.”

Bouvard concludes his presentation with an added bonus for radio time sellers from the Nielsen Media report: “AM/FM radio continues to have a dominant 76% share of ad-supported audio. When introduced into a TV media plan, AM/FM radio generates an extraordinary increase in campaign reach.”

Randy J. Stine has spent the past 40 years working in audio production and broadcast radio news. He joined Radio World in 1997 and covers new technology and regulatory issues. He has a B.A. in journalism from Michigan State University.

The post Radio Ratings Overtake TV in Some Demos appeared first on Radio World.

Jeremy Sinon

Hubbard Radio’s Jeremy Sinon will be honored at the NAB Show in April with the association’s Digital Leadership Award.

Sinon is vice president of digital strategy for Hubbard Radio. The award goes to someone who has played “a significant role in transforming a traditional broadcast business to succeed on digital media platforms in a measurable way.”

“Sinon conceptualized, designed and led a team to build Hubbard’s robust proprietary streaming platform,” NAB wrote.

“Accessible through the web and various individual station mobile apps, this unified platform offers Hubbard listeners an exceptional user experience where they can connect with their favorite station and be rewarded for the time they spend listening and interacting. Hubbard stations then also have an opportunity to communicate directly with audiences via notifications, provide effective marketing for clients and build listener databases.”

He also oversees the company’s podcasting work, including the launch of a local podcasting app platform being piloted in Minneapolis and Washington, D.C.

The post Sinon to Be Honored for Digital Leadership appeared first on Radio World.

iHeartMedia Chairman & CEO Bob Pittman (left) and Audacy President & CEO David J. Field

CEOs of two of the largest radio companies in the U.S. will talk about the transformation of the radio industry and what the future holds in an upcoming session at the 2022 NAB Show in Las Vegas this April.

CEOs David Field of Audacy and Bob Pittman of iHeartMedia will discuss how their businesses have evolved in response to the pandemic and what lies ahead for radio during “Transforming Radio in the Audio Renaissance,” Monday, April 25, at 2 pm.

Field and Pittman will share the stage with new NAB President and CEO Curtis LeGeyt to talk about the evolution of the industry, how stations can embrace change and how to create a diversified asset portfolio that can change along with the media marketplace.

Field has served as chairman, president and CEO of Audacy since 2002. Audacy is a developer of original audio content and one of the nation’s largest podcast publishers. The company, formerly Entercom, evolved from 15 stations to a multiplatform audio and entertainment company with more than 230 stations in 47 markets.

Pittman serves as chairman and CEO of iHeartMedia, an audio company with more consumer reach in the U.S. than any other media outlet, the company said. Podcasting is also iHeartMedia’s forte, and the company counts itself as the nation’s largest podcasting publisher.

The session will be one of several focused on audio technology and the radio industry at the upcoming NAB Show, set to be held in Las Vegas April 23–27, 2022, after a two-year hiatus brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. LeGeyt told Radio World sister publication TV Technology that despite the current omicron wave, he is 100% confident the show will go on as scheduled.

“I think … that there is a lot of pent up demand — both on the exhibitor side and the attendee side — for an in-person show where business actually gets done,” he said.

The post Radio Leaders to Examine Industry Evolution at NAB Show appeared first on Radio World.